Programming Tutorials @ Rslegion.Net

Just a short post today, alot of you have been asking me why you need to use import statements when you’re code seems to work with or without them anyway.

Here’s the answer:

Most of the time developers / Tut writers get you to put in the import as good practice for when you start using classes. Everything used in a class has to be imported. This is usually to increase loading times and decrease file size.

Just for all you that wondered how to do an import, heres an example:

import flash.display.*;

This will import everything in the /flash/display folder of you’re classpath

Custom classes are one of the new features in AS3 and they are very useful to competent Actionscript 3.0 coders.

The main idea of the custom class is just like that of a custom function. Both of which were designed to:

• Help organize code
• Rid of the need for repeating code
• Increase application performance

On a very basic level, both classes and functions both do this, however classes allow the user to be much more dynamic with there code.

An empty class looks like this:

package
{
	import flash.display.MovieClip;
	public class ExampleClass extends MovieClip
	{
		public function NewClass()
		{
		}
	}
}

The order of code for a class looks like this:

1.) Declare ‘package’
2.) Imports (Everything needs to be imported in a package / class)
3.) Declare class name + its parent type (”MovieClip, Sprite, EventListener)
4.) Main function (Run on class initiation)

This is the basics of custom class syntax, in the next tutorial, i will explain the use of these classes and how the improve you’re coding.

When coding Box2D the first thing that needs to be setup is the Box2D world, known as the b2World.

Inside the b2World object, we set the attributes for:

• Size – How large we want our b2World to be.
• Gravity – How strong we want our gravity to be.
• Sleeping Object – Used to speed our app.

Here is an example of how to set up a b2World:

Firstly we set our attributes for the size of our world, the universe size is set using a class called the b2AABB. It is basically a rectangle and the parameters UpperBound and LowerBound must be Set. In this example we our applying physics between -3000 px and 3000 px.

After that we must set up our gravity. The gravity is of a b2Vec2 class. The parameters required are X and Y. In this example, as all box2D lengths and in meters,the gravity has been set to 0 meters per second right and 9.8 meters per second down.

Next we have to create a variable to tell box2D whether to ignore sleeping objects. This is mainly just for performance. When an object is not moving, it is classed as sleeping. When an object is sleeping box2D can ignore it for performance increase. Usually, you’ll want this on.

Lastly we must actually create our world. This is of a b2World class and has the parameters:

• world:b2AABB
• gravity:b2Vec2
• doSleep:Boolean

That sums up our tutorial on setting up the Box2D B2World object, in our next tutorial in this series we will look at how to create static objects in box2D

This is the first of a range of tutorials covering use of the open source Box2D physics engine. This engine the physics engine of choice of AS3 and has more than likely been used to create some of you’re favorite games like ‘Fantastic Contraption’ and ‘Super Stacker’

I know what you’re thinking,

How am I going to learn how to code all these gravity and physics things?

The great part is, all the actual physics of the game have already been coded in the Box2D classes already. All we have to do is create the object, know as bodies in the Box2D world, and set there attributes!

In this tutorial i will cover the basics of Box2D and how it works.

The Difference

If you’re already an competent AS3 Coder, which you should be if you’re learning box2D, there are a few fundamental differences to the way things work.

In normal AS3 coding you have you’re sprites and MovieClips, they:

• Are Smart
• Calculate where to move by themselves
• Have an Event.Enter_Frame attached to them

However sprites in Box2D are completey different, they:

• Aren’t so smart
• Go where box2D tells them to go

That’s the main difference when coding Box2D, its mainly because the engine is ported directly from the world of C++

In the next tutorial, i will cover how to set up Box2D so it knows where abouts on our flash movies that physics should be applied. Also know as the B2World.

Variables in VB.Net are declared using this stereotypical programming format.

1.) The language must be told that you are declaring a variable.
2.) The name of the variable must be given.
3.) The variable type must be set.

In a language such as AS3 the code would look like this:

In visual basic, as it is intended to be a language for beginners, the code would look like this:

In visual basic, the word var is unused and is replaced by dim. Why dim is used is have no idea.

However, you will notice that the colon in AS3 is replaced by as .

This is the beauty of learning Visual Basic.Net as a first programming language. If you know to replace the word dim with declare, and you know that a string is text.

This line of code is written in Pure English.

declare myVariable as text

You don’t need to be an expert to understand this. Do ya’?

This is the case with a lot of VB.Net code and is a reason why a lot of people opt to learn this language before moving on to more complex languages such as PHP or C++

Visual Basic, in my opinion is an extremely easy programming language to learn. It where i first started many years ago. One of the the reasons that visual basic is easy to learn on a beginner level is because most of its commands are in the English language.

For Example in Actionscript 3, you’ll see code like this:

Whereas in Visual Basic.Net, the same code would look more like this:

As you can see, Visual basic code looks much more simple to the beginner than AS3. Even though both example do exactly the same thing.

This is the reason why i recommend learning Visual Basic.Net as you’re first programming language.

Check back regularly for more Visual Basic.Net tutorials.

For all you that have been follow this blog from the start, you’re probably up to the point where you can create games and applications. For the large of these loading times can be a problem. After all, the chances of someone sitting there looking at a black screen for a minute while you’re game loads is unlikely.

This is where a preloader comes in, for everyone that doesn’t know, a preloader is a small piece of code that executes almost instantly and tells you how long until the rest of the game or app is loaded.

In this tutorial, i will show how to make one.

Step 1
Create a dynamic text field. Give it an instance name of percentComplete

Step 2
In code view, add these 2 lines:

These will the our app from continuing while loading commences.

Step 3
Add an event listener that is triggered each time part of our app loads and one for loading completion:

Step 4
Create our function and work out the percentage complete:

To work out the percentage complete will take the amount of app we have loaded and divide it but the total size of the app. Then times by 100.

Step 5
Add in a line to set the text of the textfield underneath the previous:

Step 6
Create a function to handle the loading completion and move to the next frame.

And there you have it, a simple preloader in AS3

There are 3 different types of TexArea you can use in Flash CS3.

• Static Text
• Dynamic Text
• Input Text

The Input Text and Dynamic Text can be given instance names so that they can be referenced in code.

You can change the type of text area in the properties menu just above the instance name.

When referencing you’re text are in As3 you can change the text of a dynamic textarea like this:

In a previous tutorial we looked at the use of Arrays in As3 and how we can incorporate them into and games and applications.

In this tutorial we will look at how the more complex arrays, aka nested arrays work and why they are useful

Here is an example of a simple Array:

And here is an example of a Nested Array:

I know that it looks very complex but once you understand the syntax of the array it becomes a lot easier.

If you look closely at the array, you will notice that it is actually split into 2 separate parts.

The first being:

The second being:

If you were to imagine that the 2 end square brackets on each part were actually parenthesis the entire array would look like this:

Hopefully now this is starting to make a bit more sense, a nested array is basically many arrays placed one after the other as a single array. All the square brackets that we imagined as parenthesis just separate the arrays from each other.

If you’re still confused let me show you how you access the values in the code:

In order to retrieve just one variable from this array you must include the second number, in this case [1], however for this example i am commenting it out.

I was talking earlier about the nested array being split into 2 parts. The first number we use selects this part. In this example myNestedArray[0] would retrieve the first part of the array,
[ [100], [500] ]

Now. If we again imagine that the end square brackets are parenthesis we are now left with a regular array like this:

This is what the second number is for. As we used [1] it selects the 2nd value which in this case is 500

this means that in this case the uncommented value of myVariable would be 500.

I know that this was an extremely complicated tutorial, if you have any questions on this please feel free to leave them in the comments and i will gladly answer them.

Sorry about the wait for this one guys, been on holiday for a while.

So now you know some basic AS3 code, I bet you’re itching to create you’re first game and receive some comments about it.

In this 3 part series i will show you how to create a very simple game from scratch and were to showcase you’re game for in my opinion, the most helpful comments

Lets get down to it!

Our game will consist of 2 text areas, 1 dynamic and 1 static. Go ahead and create these using the toolbar on the left. The type of text area, Eg. Dynamic, Static; can be changed easily in the properties menu.

Place the dynamic text in the bottom center of the screen and the static text in the top center of the screen.

Once you’ve done that, create a button from the components menu and place it in the center of the screen.

You’re screen should now look something like this:

Change the parameters of you’re button so that the text says something along on the lines of “Click!” or “Hit!” and name the button to ButtonClick

Change the name of the dynamic text box to ClickCount

After completing this steps, you’re ready to move onto the next part of the tutorial that i will release shortly.